{"id":12759,"date":"2014-11-09T12:00:07","date_gmt":"2014-11-09T12:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.erpschools.com\/?p=12759"},"modified":"2014-11-10T03:24:48","modified_gmt":"2014-11-10T03:24:48","slug":"basics-java","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/erpschools.com\/erps\/oracle-application-framework-articles\/basics-java","title":{"rendered":"Basics of Java"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>JAVA<\/p>\n<p><b>JDK:<\/b> Java development Kit for java development. This freeware can be downloaded from downloads.oracle.com.<\/p>\n<p>Setup you PATH and CLASSPATH system variables. PATH should point to where java exits. It need to point to jdk\\bin. So that java compiler and executable can be called from any directory.<\/p>\n<p>CLASSPATH need to point to all those directories to search for classes. Multiple paths can be appended separating with semicolon. Once you set these two variables system need to restart to make them effective<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u201cjava -version\u201d gives java version<\/p>\n<p>JDK also comes with Jdev<\/p>\n<p>Below are some basic concepts you should aware before coding in OAF<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Coding\/Naming standards<\/li>\n<li>Classes<\/li>\n<li>methods<\/li>\n<li>datatypes<\/li>\n<li>Access modifiers<\/li>\n<li>Static and Final<\/li>\n<li>looping and conditional statements<\/li>\n<li>Basic seeded methods -like String methods\u00a0 etc<\/li>\n<li>Collection objects &#8211; arrays, hashmap etc<\/li>\n<li>Packages<\/li>\n<li>Type Casting<\/li>\n<li>constructors<\/li>\n<li>Exceptions<\/li>\n<li>Extensions<\/li>\n<li>JDBC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Naming conventions:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Package names in lowercase<\/li>\n<li>Class names should be in CamelCase<\/li>\n<li>Methods and variable names in mixed case starting with lowercase character<\/li>\n<li>Constants will be in uppercase (EX: public final int MAX_COUNTER = 1) Note: final key word to define constants<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Creating Java Classes and Methods<\/b><\/p>\n<p>All Java coding will be structured as classes. Source code file name should be the same as class name and extension will be .java<\/p>\n<p>On compiling source code, it creates executable having extension of .class<\/p>\n<p>The structure of Java source code includes<\/p>\n<p>import &lt;packages&gt; \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/optional<\/p>\n<p>&lt;access modifier&gt; class &lt;classname&gt;<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>&lt;variables\u2026&gt;<\/p>\n<p>&lt;methods..&gt;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>HelloWorld.java Example:<\/p>\n<p>public class HelloWorld<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>public static void main (String args[])<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>System.out.println(&#8220;HelloWorld&#8221;);<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>To compile\u2026 java HelloWorld.java<\/p>\n<p>To execute\u2026 javac HelloWorld<\/p>\n<p><b>Note:<\/b> Classes having \u201cmain\u201d method can only be executable. \u201cmain\u201d in class should always be public static void and argument to this method will be always String array<\/p>\n<p><b>Data Types:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>int\/long : for integer numbers<\/p>\n<p>float\/double : for decimals numbers<\/p>\n<p>boolean : true\/false<\/p>\n<p>char : 1 character<\/p>\n<p>String : Strings<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Reference data types:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Arrays<\/p>\n<p>Objects<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Data type conversion:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>String to numbers: Integer.parseInt(str)<\/p>\n<p>String to double: Double.parseDouble(str)<\/p>\n<p>String to Date: Date dv = new SimpleDateFormat(\u201cdd-mon-yyyy\u201d).parse(str);<\/p>\n<p>Date d = new Date();<\/p>\n<p>New SimpleDateFormat(\u201cyyyy\/MM\/dd\u201d).format(d);<\/p>\n<p>int To String: Integer.toString(str)<\/p>\n<p><b>Access modifiers:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/erpschools.com\/erps\/wp-content\/uploads\/img\/JAVA_Basics_wk2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-12760\" src=\"http:\/\/erpschools.com\/erps\/wp-content\/uploads\/img\/JAVA_Basics_wk2.png\" alt=\"JAVA_Basics_wk2\" width=\"562\" height=\"159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/erpschools.com\/erps\/wp-content\/uploads\/img\/JAVA_Basics_wk2.png 562w, https:\/\/erpschools.com\/erps\/wp-content\/uploads\/img\/JAVA_Basics_wk2-150x42.png 150w, https:\/\/erpschools.com\/erps\/wp-content\/uploads\/img\/JAVA_Basics_wk2-300x84.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 562px) 100vw, 562px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Creating and Accessing Methods<\/b><\/p>\n<p>A class is set of variables and methods. A method is set of instructions that can perform a specific function. A class having \u201cmain\u201d method will always be executable otherwise the methods of non-executable class can only be access from other classes based on their access modifiers<\/p>\n<p><b>Note:<\/b> non-static methods cannot be called directly from a static method even though they are in same class. Need to define object for that call and call the method<\/p>\n<p><b>Math.java Example:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p>public class Math<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>public int add(int i , int j)<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>return i+j;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>public static void main (String args[])<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>Math math = new Math();<\/p>\n<p>System.out.println(&#8220;addition = &#8220;+math.add(Integer.parseInt(args[0]),Integer.parseInt(args[1])));<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>Compile it\u2026 javac Math.java<\/p>\n<p>Execute it\u2026 java Math 3 5<\/p>\n<p><b>Static:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Static methods or variables are not instantiable. Static variables will be used to define common properties of a class that cannot be vary for object to object<\/p>\n<p>A static method should be called with class name instead of object<\/p>\n<p>A static method\/variable cannot be referred from a non-static method<\/p>\n<p><b>Looping and conditional statements<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>For loop<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Syntax: for (&lt;initialization&gt;;&lt;condition&gt;;&lt;increment\/decrement&gt;) {}<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>While loop<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Syntax: while(Boolean){\u2026.}<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Do while loop<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>do {\u2026. } while(Boolean)<\/p>\n<p><b>Un-conditional control statements<\/b><\/p>\n<p>break: terminate looping statement<\/p>\n<p>continue: skips execution of remaining statements in loop and transfers control to beginning of loop<\/p>\n<p><b>Conditional statement<\/b><\/p>\n<p>if ( &lt;Boolean&gt;)<\/p>\n<p>{\u2026}<\/p>\n<p>else if ( &lt;Boolean&gt;)<\/p>\n<p>{\u2026}<\/p>\n<p>else<\/p>\n<p>{\u2026}<\/p>\n<p><b>Packages:<\/b> Packages are those used to group the classes. They refer to physical folders<\/p>\n<p><b>EmpDet.java Example:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>package wk1.emp;<\/p>\n<p>public class EmpDet<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>private final int BONUS_PER = 10;<\/p>\n<p>private int sal;<\/p>\n<p>public void setSal(int psal)<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>sal = psal;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>public double getBonus()<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>return (sal*BONUS_PER)\/100;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><b>Note:<\/b> the package structure in above example wk1.emp should be physical folder structure that exists in current working directory and current working directory should be part of CLASSPATH<\/p>\n<p>Make sure EmpDet.class file moved to folder wk1\/emp\/\u00a0 (source file EmpDet.java should not be in current working directory so move it also to wk1\/emp\/ eventhough it is not required to execute or remove it)<\/p>\n<p>You can use above class EmpDet and its methods from any other classes. Below is the example calling method of EmpDet class<\/p>\n<p><b>CallEmpDet.java Example:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>import wk1.emp.*; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/this is the statement\u00a0 to use methods of other classes<\/p>\n<p>public class CallEmpDet<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>public static void main(String args[])<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>int sal = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/array index starts from zero<\/p>\n<p>EmpDet empDet = new EmpDet();<\/p>\n<p>empDet.setSal(sal);<\/p>\n<p>System.out.println(&#8220;Bonus=&#8221;+empDet.getBonus());<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><b>Exceptions and Exception handling:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Exceptions can be system defined and user defined. They are the runtime errors. Any method or class can throw an exception. These exceptions can be handled using try{} catch{} blocks<\/p>\n<p><b>SystemException.java Example:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p>public class SystemException<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>public static void main(String args[])<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>int sal = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);<\/p>\n<p>System.out.println(&#8220;Salary=&#8221;+sal);<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>Compile it.. javac SystemException.java<\/p>\n<p>Execute it.. java SystemException \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/this throws error because in above code we used args[0] and we are not passing parameter<\/p>\n<p><b>Correct the code as below in SystemException.java to catch any system exception<\/b><\/p>\n<p>public class SystemException<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>public static void main(String args[])<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>try{<\/p>\n<p>int sal = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);<\/p>\n<p>System.out.println(&#8220;Salary=&#8221;+sal);<\/p>\n<p>}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(&#8220;Exception = &#8220;+e.getMessage());}<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><b>UserDefinedException.java Example: In below class setComm method is defined to throw an exception when sales is &lt;10000<\/b><\/p>\n<p>public class UserDefinedException<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>private int comm;<\/p>\n<p>\/\/when method throwing exception it should be declared to be thrown or exception should be caught<\/p>\n<p>public void setComm(int sales) throws Exception<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>if (sales&lt;10000)<\/p>\n<p>throw new Exception(&#8220;Commission can not be given for sales less than 10000&#8221;);<\/p>\n<p>else if (sales&lt;20000)<\/p>\n<p>comm=2000;<\/p>\n<p>else<\/p>\n<p>comm=5000;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>public int getComm()<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>return comm;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><b>CallUserDefinedException.java Example to call above method:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>public class CallUserDefinedException<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>public static void main(String args[])<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>UserDefinedException ude = new UserDefinedException();<\/p>\n<p>int sales;<\/p>\n<p>for (int i=0; i&lt;args.length; i++)<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>sales = Integer.parseInt(args[i]);<\/p>\n<p>try {<\/p>\n<p>ude.setComm(sales);<\/p>\n<p>System.out.println(&#8220;Comm=&#8221;+ude.getComm());<\/p>\n<p>}catch(Exception e)<\/p>\n<p>{System.out.println(&#8220;Error=&#8221;+e.getMessage());}<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><b>OR you can code CallUserDefinedException.java as below<\/b><\/p>\n<p>public class CallUserDefinedException<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>\/\/this will throw exception message along with details from where the exception raised<\/p>\n<p>public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>UserDefinedException ude = new UserDefinedException();<\/p>\n<p>int sales;<\/p>\n<p>for (int i=0; i&lt;args.length; i++)<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>sales = Integer.parseInt(args[i]);<\/p>\n<p>ude.setComm(sales);<\/p>\n<p>System.out.println(&#8220;Comm=&#8221;+ude.getComm());<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><b>Note: <\/b>When we are using any method that throws an exception, we should either catch it throw it explicitly<\/p>\n<p><b>Constructor:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Constructor is the method which will be executed at the time of object initiation.<\/p>\n<p>Constructor will be on the same name of class.<\/p>\n<p>They are used to initialize the object<\/p>\n<p>Class can have multiple constructors but of different signature<\/p>\n<p>Constructor methods will not have return type or void even though they will not return any value<\/p>\n<p><b>Constructors.java Example:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>public class Constructors<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>private int empno;<\/p>\n<p>private int sal;<\/p>\n<p>private String empname;<\/p>\n<p>public Constructors()<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>empno = 0;<\/p>\n<p>sal = 0;<\/p>\n<p>empname = &#8221; &#8220;;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>public Constructors(int empno, int sal, String empname)<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>this.empno = empno;<\/p>\n<p>this.sal = sal;<\/p>\n<p>this.empname = empname;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>public int getEmpno()<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>return empno;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>public int getSal()<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>return sal;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>public String getEmpname()<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>return empname;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><b>UseConstructors.java Example:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>public class UseConstructors<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>public static void main(String args[])<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>Constructors cons1 = new Constructors();<\/p>\n<p>Constructors cons2 = new Constructors(1,10000,&#8221;Raju&#8221;);<\/p>\n<p>System.out.println(&#8220;Values from 1st constructor = &#8220;+cons1.getEmpno()+&#8221;-&#8220;+cons1.getSal()+&#8221;-&#8220;+cons1.getEmpname());<\/p>\n<p>System.out.println(&#8220;Values from 2nd constructor = &#8220;+cons2.getEmpno()+&#8221;-&#8220;+cons2.getSal()+&#8221;-&#8220;+cons2.getEmpname());<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><b>Extending Classes:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Extensions are inheritance of a class to another class. All public methods and variables of base class can be used in extended class. Also protected variables and methods can also use in extended class if it is in same package<\/p>\n<p>This is most common while doing customizations in OAF. Seeded classes need to extend and add custom functionality<\/p>\n<p><b>MarksBase.java Example<\/b><\/p>\n<p>package wk1.students;<\/p>\n<p>public class MarksBase<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>protected int min_marks = 35;<\/p>\n<p>private final int MAX_MARKS = 100; \u00a0 \/\/final is the key word used to define constant<\/p>\n<p>private int sub1;<\/p>\n<p>private int sub2;<\/p>\n<p>public MarksBase()<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>sub1 = 0;<\/p>\n<p>sub2 = 0;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>public MarksBase(int sub1, int sub2)<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>if (sub1&gt;MAX_MARKS)<\/p>\n<p>sub1 = 100;<\/p>\n<p>if (sub2&gt;MAX_MARKS)<\/p>\n<p>sub2 = 100;<\/p>\n<p>this.sub1 = sub1;<\/p>\n<p>this.sub2 = sub2;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>public int getTotal()<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>return sub1+sub2;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>public String getGrade()<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>if ( (sub1&lt;min_marks) || (sub2&lt;min_marks) )<\/p>\n<p>return &#8220;FAILED&#8221;;<\/p>\n<p>else<\/p>\n<p>return &#8220;PASS&#8221;;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><b>MarksExtend.java Example<\/b><\/p>\n<p>package wk1.students;<\/p>\n<p>import wk1.students.*;\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/need to import base class<\/p>\n<p>public class MarksExtend extends MarksBase\u00a0 \/\/extends is key work to do extensions<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>private int sub3;<\/p>\n<p>public MarksExtend(int sub1, int sub2, int sub3)<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>super(sub1,sub2); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/super refers parent class. This will call constructor of parent class<\/p>\n<p>this.sub3 = sub3;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>public int getTotal()<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>\/\/if any variable or method name is same for both child and parent, parent method will be referred with super.<\/p>\n<p>return super.getTotal() + sub3;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>public String getGrade()<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>\/\/min_marks is protected in base class and can user here being extended class also in same pacakge<\/p>\n<p>min_marks = 45;<\/p>\n<p>if (super.getGrade().equals(&#8220;FAILED&#8221;) || sub3&lt;min_marks)<\/p>\n<p>return &#8220;FAILED&#8221;;<\/p>\n<p>else<\/p>\n<p>return &#8220;PASS&#8221;;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><b>CallMarksExtention.java Example:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>import wk1.students.*;<\/p>\n<p>public class CallMarksExtention<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>public static void main(String args[])<\/p>\n<p>{<\/p>\n<p>int sub1 = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);<\/p>\n<p>int sub2 = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);<\/p>\n<p>int sub3 = Integer.parseInt(args[2]);<\/p>\n<p>MarksExtend marksExtend = new MarksExtend(sub1,sub2,sub3);<\/p>\n<p>System.out.println(&#8220;Total = &#8221; + marksExtend.getTotal());<\/p>\n<p>System.out.println(&#8220;Gradel = &#8221; + marksExtend.getGrade());<\/p>\n<p>MarksBase marksBase = new MarksBase(sub1,sub2);<\/p>\n<p>System.out.println(&#8220;Total from base= &#8221; + marksBase.getTotal());<\/p>\n<p>System.out.println(&#8220;Gradel from base= &#8221; + marksBase.getGrade());<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>JAVA JDK: Java development Kit for java development. This freeware can be downloaded from downloads.oracle.com. Setup you PATH and CLASSPATH system variables. PATH should point to where java exits. It need to point to jdk\\bin. So that java compiler and executable can be called from any directory. CLASSPATH need to point to all those directories [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-oracle-application-framework-articles"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Basics of Java - erpSchools<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/erpschools.com\/erps\/oracle-application-framework-articles\/basics-java\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Narasimha\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/erpschools.com\/erps\/oracle-application-framework-articles\/basics-java#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/erpschools.com\/erps\/oracle-application-framework-articles\/basics-java\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Narasimha\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/erpschools.com\/erps\/#\/schema\/person\/46075962b877fb633e20447c79725736\"},\"headline\":\"Basics of Java\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-11-09T12:00:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2014-11-10T03:24:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/erpschools.com\/erps\/oracle-application-framework-articles\/basics-java\"},\"wordCount\":1619,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/erpschools.com\/erps\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/erpschools.com\/erps\/oracle-application-framework-articles\/basics-java#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/erpschools.com\/erps\/wp-content\/uploads\/img\/JAVA_Basics_wk2.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"OAF\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/erpschools.com\/erps\/oracle-application-framework-articles\/basics-java#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/erpschools.com\/erps\/oracle-application-framework-articles\/basics-java\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/erpschools.com\/erps\/oracle-application-framework-articles\/basics-java\",\"name\":\"Basics of Java - 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